【翻译】木工指南——表面处理(翻译中)

二马冯 · 发表于 2010-12-26 17:09:56

顶你！接着翻。

wsp5 · 发表于 2010-12-27 13:41:24

meifanyiquan

平淡今生 · 发表于 2010-12-27 19:06:01

你太棒了，太爱你了，接力呀

kalo · 发表于 2010-12-27 20:18:32

补上。翻译得不好，请达人修正。。。

Staining
染色

If you want to alter the natural color of a piece, you must stain or dye the wood.
如果你想改变木料天然的颜色，可以进行染色。

Oil-based stains are certainly the most common approach. These products are available at paint and hardware stores, and at home centers. They contain a pigment that is suspended in an oil and mineral spirits solution. Oil stains don't penetrate the wood deeply. They give color by embedding opaque pigment in the surface grain. You apply these stains with a rag or brush, let them sit for 10 to 15 minutes, and then wipe them off.
最普通的方法是使用油基染料。它可以在颜料店、五金店或家居中心里买到。油基染料含有溶解了色精的矿物精油。油性染料不会渗进木料太深，不透明的色精改变表面木纹的颜色。你可以用抹布或刷子涂上，然后让其停留10～15分钟，之后擦去多余的染料。

Aniline dyes are another approach to coloring wood. The type that is dissolved in water is the safest and easiest to use, as well as being the most colorfast. These dyes penetrate much more deeply than stains and actually change the color of the wood. It's easy to intermix colors and you can change the concentration of color simply by adding more water.
另一个方法是使用苯胺染料。水基型的染料是最安全和最易使用，也最不容易褪色。这类型染料渗透得比油性染料深，并且真正改变木料的颜色。它很容易混色，和通过加入水来改变深浅。
Once you've chosen your coloring method, be sure to test it out on some scrap pieces of stock before turning to your project. Taking the time to get it right is much easier than removing a stain or dye that you don't like.
一旦确定染色方法后，进行工作前必须进行小面积测试。花时间来测试总比移除颜色容易。

Applying The Finish
面层涂装

When you're ready to apply your oil finish, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions carefully, and do what's recommended. While specific directions may vary, there are some general guidelines for applying an oil finish.
当你准备进行涂装前，必须仔细阅读说明书并完成其建议的工作。当，

Begin by rubbing a liberal amount of oil into the surface of the wood using a lint-free rag (Photo 3). Allow the oil to absorb for about an hour, then wipe off the excess.
开始时用不掉屑的布在木料表面擦上大量的油（图3），让油料停留大约1小时等木料吸收，然后擦去多余的油。

Let the surface dry for 24 hours, and then rub the whole piece with No. 0000 steel wool (Photo 4). Remove any dust, then apply another coat of oil as before.
干燥24小时后，用0000号钢丝棉擦整个表面，去掉灰尘，然后如前那样涂上新的一层油。

For a good finish, you should apply a minimum of three coats. Once the last coat is dry and rubbed with steel wool, apply a light coat of paste wax to the entire surface (Photo 5).
为了得到好的效果，你至少要涂上三层。当最后一层干燥并用钢丝棉擦过后，可以用粘性蜡来上光。（图5）
When the wax takes on a dull appearance, buff the surface to a satin sheen with a clean, dry cloth (Photo 6).
当蜡出现哑光（干了），用软的东西，如干净，干燥的衣服擦表面，直到出现亮光。

3-Apply an oil finish with a lint-free rag. Rub the oil into the wood and let it dry for 1 hour. Then wipe off the excess.
3-用不掉屑的抹布涂油，把油擦到木料里并等1小时干燥，然后擦去多余的油。

4-Use No. 0000 steel wool to rub the finish between coats. Use a tack cloth to remove all the dust before recoating.
4-每涂之间用0000号钢丝棉擦（打磨），每涂之前用粗棉布去掉灰尘